Showing posts with label research. Show all posts
Showing posts with label research. Show all posts

Tuesday, July 28, 2009

New Teaching Aid Freebies on AVKO.org

Posted by Brian McCabe, Brian@AVKO.org

AVKO is proud to share with you a few new teaching aid freebies for the teaching of reading and spelling, or for your reference in the classroom, homeschool, or resource/reference room.

Newest Freebies:

Friday, July 24, 2009

New AVKO Resource for Testing Spelling and Reading Levels

Posted by Brian McCabe, Brian@avko.org

AVKO has introduced a new e-book resource: a collection of diagnostic, prescriptive, and pre-tests for spelling and reading. This collection of 17 tests written by Don McCabe will allow you to quickly determine which spelling patterns your students need to learn, where they should be placed in Sequential Spelling (or another spelling program), and how to best remediate their spelling. This collection will also give you all of the information you need to quickly create your own spelling program. These tests can also be used for ESL instruction, special education, creating an IEP, and many other things!

This is available for purchase from AVKO for only $5.00 from the Scribd website. You can see all of AVKO's documents on Scribd here.

Friday, July 10, 2009

Brain Rules by John J. Medina

Blog by Gloria Goldsmith

I was tickled pink when I stumbled across Medina’s website. I bought the book the very next morning. I was delighted by the 12 brain rules he has come up with though his scientific inquiry. Mind you, he is a developmental molecular biologist focused on the genes involved in the human brain development. He insists on his research being published in a peer-review journal and successfully replicated before he included the study in the Brain Rules book. That means the information he shares with us isn’t just theories that he has invented, it is real science, and I am delighted to say, presented in a meaningful and extremely readable manner. Plus, the biggest clincher for me was the fact that it parallels all the methods of teaching that we, at the AVKO Foundation, have been encouraging parents and teachers to use, recognize, and perform for over 35 years. It is great to see it confirmed in another form of scientific tests.

Attention | Rule #4: We don’t pay attention to boring things. What we pay attention to is profoundly influenced by memory.

One method AVKO advocates which helps a student concentrate is ten to fifteen minute lessons. AVKO even encourages the use of a timer when doing lessons. Medina goes on and on about how humans need something to grab our attention about every 10 minutes in order to keep us interested. AVKO promotes that after any academic lesson students need some form of physical release. Exercise!

Exercise | Rule #1: Exercise boosts brain power. The greatest predictor of successful aging is the presence or absence of a sedentary lifestyle.

AVKO encourages exercise of some kind, many times during the school day, especially for ADHD kids. We think a 15 -20 minute break helps to drop the anxiety levels some humans feel when attempting to learn something difficult. Coming back to a lesson after a refreshing energy boost pause, makes it easier to tackle. According to John Medina, ALL humans perform better with some form of daily exercise. Our memory is better with cardiovascular fitness.

Survival | Rule #2: The human brain evolved, too. There is no greater anti-brain environment than the classroom and cubicle

Homeschoolers, you may well have a deeper connection to the truth of this rule than most parents whose children are in public school. It wasn’t just our bodies that adopted from swinging in the trees to walking on the savannahs, our brain also had to evolve to survive, solve new problems, learn from mistakes, and create alliances with other peoples in order to survive. Humans now rule the world because we learned to cooperate and formed teams with our neighbors. Yet if we do not feel safe with our neighbor, boss or teacher, we may not perform as well under their leadership. Isolation in learning does not create an open learning environment in which questions are welcomed.

Short-Term memory is Rule #5: Repeat to remember. The human brain can hold about seven pieces of information for less than 30 seconds!

If you want to prolong the 30 seconds a few minutes or a few hours, you will need to re-expose yourself to the information again and again. Memories are so volatile that you have to repeat to remember. This fact has long been a staple in AVKO’s Sequential Spelling program. The presentation of word families (same sound/same spelling) teaches the student to recall using the logic of spelling patterns (in, pin, sin, spin), as well as the repetition of sequentially spelling the base word plus a different tense each day (pin, pins, pinned, pinning). AVKO also encourages parents to revisit the target word in The Patterns of English Spelling, Word Families in Sentence Context, and use the patterned approach of Let’s Write Right, or Individualized Typing. We encourage parents to let the student practice their spelling words in word games by going to SpellingCity.com where the student can type in current spelling words and Spelling City forms them into several different word games. Fun and repetition! AVKO supports all of these review methods which re-exposes the student to the target word repeatedly, just as Medina advocates for short-term and long-term memory to take place.

There are 12 brain rules. I won’t go over all of them here, but I do encourage you to get the book, and read this fascinating subject for yourself. I know it will create a clearer understanding of how people learn and what you can do to effect faster learning and how to avoid things that impair learning. John Medina also has a web site (www.brainrules.net) that explains a lot about his book. It is deliberately done in a very amusing style, because as he said, we recall things better when they have made an impression.

Tuesday, July 7, 2009

Brain Rules

Posted by Brian McCabe, Brian@avko.org

Brain Rules, a new book, extolls the essence of what AVKO's philosophy is all about with psychological and biological research evidence.

AVKO recommends that you check out this wonderful and readable book about how we think, how we best learn, and what doesn't work in our present educational and professional systems for our own brains.

Wednesday, July 1, 2009

A Review: Irlen Syndrome

or Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome, by Gloria Goldsmith, AVKO Foundation

The AVKO Foundation recognizes there is no one thing that will fix everyone’s problems. But we know our spelling program is a giant help for those with spelling difficulties, just like the Irlen Institute is a giant help for those with light sensitivities.

I was speaking to a Mom just yesterday who had a son with severe headaches, problems with concentration, visual tracking problems and I forgot to mention the Irlen Syndrome, a light sensitivity problem. I hope she finds this blog.

Irlen Syndrome is not an optical problem; it is a problem with the brain’s ability to process visual information. Often it runs in families and there is no standardized educational or medical test which can identify this syndrome.

It can affect both academic and work performance, behavior, attention, the ability to sit still and concentration. This syndrome is often mistaken for ADHD. Often the problem is white paper and dark ink – high contrast printing. Ordinarily, parents and teachers would think that high contrast is excellent, just the thing to make sure the printed words show up nicely on the page. But for most sufferers of the Irlen Syndrome it is the exact WRONG thing for their perception.

How is it evident in individuals? Each individual with Irlen Syndrome exhibits the problem differently. It is believed that forty-six percent (46%) of slow readers could be helped by the colored filters prescribed by the Irlen Institute. You or your child may experience some or many of these sensitivities: print looks different (blurred, spinning, dancing, rivers, etc),environment looks different, slow or inefficient reading, poor comprehension, eye strain, fatigue, headaches, difficulty with math computation, difficulty copying, difficulty reading music, poor sport performance, poor depth perception, low motivation, or low self-esteem. Glare, florescent lights, bright lights, sunlight and sometimes lights at night can bother those with light sensitivity.

The problem is not able to be corrected with remediation. But there is a solution, and that is colored filters. The filters can be bought in page sized overlays and for even better solutions, color filtering lenses for glasses. The remarkable changes that take place for those who have moderate to severe cases of this syndrome are documented in video clips on the Irlen Institute website. There is also a book available called “Reading by the Colors” by Helen Irlen, her first book describing the syndrome in detail and several other helpful books are offered on the web site for children and parents.

I recommend checking the Irlen Institute website http://irlen.com/index.php for more information about the syndrome, a self-test, samples of the distortions reported, research, testimonials, and to find an Irlen Testing Center. You can even change the color of the webpage to see how it affects your reading perception. (For my eyes ease, I prefer the light blue.)

Read the Rest of the AVKO Blog | Visit the AVKO Website

Tuesday, June 23, 2009

Building Vocabulary + Activities with a Word Log

As your students are in the thick of bulking up their vocabulary, going through Sequential Spelling (or any other spelling program), or going about their normal routines, consider keeping a word log. Write down the words that your student (or have them do it) does not know: the meaning, how to use it correctly in a sentence, when it would be an appropriate word choice, etc. We are not focusing on spelling here.

So, as they read their pleasure reading books or encounter other unknown words in any of the contexts listed above, they or you write the words down in the log. From this log, you can do all sorts of activities:

  • Spot check the student for meanings days or weeks later.
  • Use the vocabulary illustration worksheet (PDF) to have the student draw a picture of the meaning (silly or serious) with the definition. Creating a more personal connection with the word (deeper encoding) aids in memorization.
  • Make flash cards.
  • Have the student make stories/poetry/prose using X number of these words.
  • Use these words for handwriting exercises + discussion of meaning.
  • Have the student look them up in the dictionary and/or thesaurus
  • Other. Send us your other ideas.

Read the Rest of the AVKO Blog | Visit the AVKO Website

Friday, April 24, 2009

The (Complete) I Before E Rule

I'm sure you learned "The" I Before E Rule when you were growing up. But, I'm sure that you also experienced some angst when it came to spelling ie/ei words because the "rule" that you learned just didn't cut the mustard, so to speak. Luckily AVKO has you covered. We have the complete I Before E rule that will show you how to handle those "exceptions" and master the rule.

So, I Before E, except after C...but what what "science" and "weight"?

The Complete I Before E Rule - With Explanations

Memorize the following poem and learn how to apply each part of the rule. Explanations
Use i before e Unless you have a reason not to, use ie as in thief, believe, priest, etc.

Except after c except after c Means: use cei as in receive, deceive, ceiling, etc.

Or when sounded as "EYE" or "AY"
as in Einstein and weigh.
Or when sounded as EYE or AY Means: use ei in "EYE" words such as Einstein, Eileen, Heidi, stein, Steinbrenner, etc. It also means use ei in "AY" words such as weigh, eight, vein, veil.

Neither, weird, foreign, leisure,
Seize, forfeit, and height
Are Exceptions spelled right
And so are: protein and caffeine forfeiture, codeine, heifer, etc. Memorize these!

But don't let the C-I-E-N words get you uptight! Means: cien as in efficient, ancient, conscience, and sufficient etc.

Friday, April 17, 2009

Teaching Spelling Patterns vs. Spelling Rules

We're frequently asked about the teaching of spelling rules and how a spelling program can be effective without teaching spelling rules. Here's my answer: English spelling has definite patterns, but these are not easily encapsulated nor understood by simplistic and abstract spelling rules.

If you want a program that has zero preparation work on your part (but can still be customized, as necessary, to meet the needs of all of your children) and is very quick and painless, definitely go with AVKO. In our experience, it's not about efficacy per se that really separates out the various Orton-Gillingham-based programs -- all of the O-G methods are effective, especially for dyslexics. What does separate out the programs is the ease for the parents to teach it, and the students' levels of frustration. When the complicated rules for spelling are taught, it becomes more of a hassle most of the time. The rules are very abstract, have multiple exceptions, and are not easy to remember. But, most importantly, when rules are taught, and the child tries to apply what he has learned and gets to an exception, he gets even more frustrated than if he had misspelled it after never having studied a supposed-rule to begin with.

In some languages, it makes sense to teach rules. In English, it makes sense to teach patterns. Being an amalgamation of so many different languages and retaining so much of their original phonics, it becomes very difficult to teach rules that cut across the entire spectrum. So, we don't.

However, we do have materials available on teaching the spelling patterns that are common (and uncommonly taught) in English. I would recommend that you see our page on Sequential Spelling (ss.avko.org) -- on there, there is a link to how to customize your Sequential Spelling program. This will be of great interest to you, I'm sure. http://avko.org/Essays/customizing_ss.html

Tuesday, April 14, 2009

Take the AVKO Challenge: The Real Extreme Makeover

Do you have a student or child who is a terrible speller? Is s/he reading at a level way below what s/he would be expected to read at? Take the AVKO Challenge -- a real extreme makeover!

Don McCabe will work with your child and you will see dramatic improvements within weeks. The truly amazing part is that Don can teach anyone to tutor their own students or children to do what he and The AVKO Educational Research Foundation have been doing for 35 years now.

View AVKO's free videos for more information on Sequential Spelling and the tutoring methods used.

You can teach yourself these same principles if you are unable to come to the AVKO Foundation's reading clinic in Birch Run, Michigan, USA. The first step is to become a member of the AVKO Foundation, a $25/year fee. This entitles you to free, downloadable e-books for your reference, tutor training, and supplemental curriculum. The most important of these books is The Teaching of Reading and Spelling: A Continuum from Kindergarten through College.

Friday, April 10, 2009

The 11 Types of Tricky Words

TYPES OF TRICKY WORDS:
There are a lot of reasons why people misspell words. It's therefore important to recognize the different sources of difficulty so that they may be addressed. AVKO's materials work to alleviate the different reasons why your children and students misspell words; perhaps you even find yourself having some of these problems.

See also: The Teaching of Reading and Spelling: A Continuum from Kindergarten through College (available for free as an e-book with AVKO membership) and The Tricky Words, our popular book that confronts the most entrenched errors relating to these common problems.

1. Homonyms, such as: be, bee, Bea, B.
2. Dialect dependent homonyms, such as: ant, aunt. (In dialects in which aunt rhymes with haunt, aunt, and ant technically aren't homonyms.
3. Heteronyms, such as lead and lead.
4. Typography dependent homographs such as resume and résumé.
5. Similarity of configuration words such as: solder, soldier, solider.
6. Similarity (even identity) of letters in words whose only significant difference is in the transpositions such as in: expect and except.
7. Look-alike letters: n/u n/r n/c e/a being the only difference as in: change and charge; superstitions and superstitious; and ancient, accent, and accident.
8. Words of almost identical meanings but whose pronunciation is ACCENT-DEPENDENT upon the part of speech as in: RECord & reCORD.
9. Words that have two or more acceptable spellings such as: Channukah, Hanukah.
10. Malaprop-prone words such as to circumcise instead of circumscribe.
11. Words easily distinguishable in their base form that can cause problems in other forms such as hop and hope can be misspelled in the -ed and -ing forms.

We are sure you may find a different number of categories into which you may wish to place these words.

Monday, March 30, 2009

AVKO Pamphlets Available for Only $1.00!

AVKO is making the Great Idea Reprint Series pamphlets available once again for the low price of only $1.00!  These pamphlets are an incredible value to homeschoolers, educators in the school system, and community organizers looking to create a literacy program in their community.  Learn how to evaluate a spelling program, evaluate a child's ability to spell the five different types of English words, teach the English spelling rules, take notes, and much, much more!  See the Clearance page of the AVKO website to place your order today.  Shipping for these pamphlets is only $0.59 each or FREE shipping for current AVKO members.  

Great Idea Reprint Series individual pamphlets - $1.00 ($1.00)
These pamphlets provide information on a very specific topic. To order one or more of these pamphlets, enter the title(s) into the comments field below.
  • A Common Sense Approach to Controlled Word Lists
  • The New AVKO Pre- and Post- Diagnostic Spelling Test on 100 of the Most Common Phonograms in the English Language (includes the Student's and Teacher's Edition)
  • A Sentence Dictation Test That Covers Over 300 of the Most Commonly Used Words
  • An L.D. Screening Device That Can Be Given to Entire Schools
  • Sample Word Family Puzzles that Special Education Students Can Create
  • English Spelling: The Simple, the Fancy, the Insane, the Tricky, and the Scrunched Up
  • Survey Tests for Types 1-5 Words: The Simple, the Fancy, the Insane, the Tricky, and the Scrunched Up
  • Suggested Order for Diagnosis and Remediation of the Simple Patterns
  • Suggested Order for Diagnosis and Remediation of the Fancy Patterns
  • Suggested Order for Diagnosis and Remediation of the Insane Patterns
  • Suggested Order for Diagnosis and Remediation of the Tricky Patterns
  • Suggested Order for Diagnosis and Remediation of the Scrunched Up Patterns
  • The Case of the Invisible Y or Why is there a Y in You and not in union, Eunice, and huge?
  • How to Develop Your Own Sequential Spelling Tests
  • How to Evaluate Your Present Spelling System
  • An Index of Phonic Patterns by Vowel Types
  • The Three Different Words Spelled H-A-V-E
  • The Three "TOOZE": too, two, and to
  • The SQ3R Reading Formula Really Works
  • A Listing of Phonic Patterns for Older Students
  • Underlining or Highlighting: Cueing the Computer Brain
  • The Proper Editing of Notes: The Key to Successful Learning
  • Building a Better Vocabulary the Lazy Man's Way
  • Statues and Sanctuaries, or A Practical Use of Miscue Analysis: Building Egos/ Self-Esteem
  • Learning about the Learning-to-Read Process by Teaching Yourself to Read and Write Upside Down
  • Comprehension/Schema Theory: A Practical Application
  • Reading Improvement through SITDOWN: Student Individualized Teacher-Directed with Students Correcting their OWN.
  • Taking the sting out of Testing When Giving Word Recognition Tests to Special Education Students

Sunday, March 15, 2009

On Dyslexia Testing

Do you think that your child has dyslexia? Do you know that your child has dyslexia but you feel that you need a doctor's professional, medical assessment? Indeed, there is a lot of attention given to testing for dyslexia -- commercials, posters in schools, and pressure from friends. However, most of the testing out there is unnecessary, incredibly expensive, and utterly unhelpful. The child sits through a battery of tests, the parents dish out money they probably don't have, and they have confirmation of what they knew from the beginning: their child has a problem with reading and/or spelling.

Of course, it must be stated that there are some benefits of having the "official diagnosis" of "dyslexia" that must be stated. If the child is in a school system, especially during high school or college, with teachers who are not immediately amenable to making accommodations (such as increased testing time, having a test read to them, etc.), the diagnosis can tie the hands of the school under the Americans with Disabilities Act. Additionally, there are some psychological benefits of having a diagnosed label -- the child and parents may be able to place less blame on themselves for the child's inability to read and spell like other kids and instead "blame" it on the dyslexia. Whereas the label shouldn't be used as a "crutch," this can alleviate some anxiety and allow the parents and child to feel better about the problems and move forward with finding solutions.

What does AVKO say about dyslexia? AVKO believes that dyslexia is a rather catch-all diagnosis that ultimately is used to deflect the blame for a child's reading and spelling problems away from the teachers and educational institution and instead place it on the student. With proper teaching techniques, such as multi-sensory methods like Orton-Gillingham (on which AVKO's methods are largely based), students can overcome the "problems" associated with dyslexia.

For more information on dyslexia, including scientific and medical definitions translated into plain English, please see our "What is Dyslexia?" section of the website.

Tuesday, March 10, 2009

The Influence of French on English

Both English spelling and pronunciation are heavily influenced by the French. Many of the spellings and pronunciations that English learners call "crazy" are due to this French influence on the English language. However, people are a bit too quick to say that English has little to no regularity in its phonetic patterns. It's just that the regularity for the phonetic patterns for "big" words are not taught in our school systems. When one only has the phonics of "small" words to work with, it is impossible to read words like crucial, impartial, unique, or flambe. These words all follow regular patterns. See The Patterns of English Spelling for more information on word families, including a complete listing of words in the English language by word family.

For more information on the different languages from which English gets its "fancy" words, see the chart on the AVKO article "Read by Grade 3, Say What?".

For a condensed history of English's formation, see the article "How French Has Influenced English" on About.com. Another helpful resource on their site is a list of French Words and Expressions in English. These expressions and words are used often in English and many of them should be known by heart as they will be encountered often.

Tuesday, March 3, 2009

What Curriculum Developers Don't Want You to Know About Spelling

The area of spelling is perhaps the least understood by publishers and curriculum developers.  Perhaps the reason lies in the fact that the last real study of spelling was conducted in 1953 by Harry Greene’s Project Spelling at The University of Iowa. It’s name?  The New Iowa Spelling Scale.  Note the word NEW!  However, even though it is over 50 years old it remains the only existing valid measuring instrument for student spelling.  Why?  Because it contains over 5,500 of the most basic words which were given to over 230,000 students.

It still can be used to determine just how effective any spelling program is.  All a school has to do is give a simple 20 word spelling test to its 3rd graders in the fall using 10 words that were studied in spelling in the first and second grades and 10 words of equivalent difficulty that they haven’t had the opportunity to study.  If the school’s spelling program is effective, there will be a statistically significant difference between the scores on the two sets of words.

The AVKO Educational Research Foundation is looking for schools who would like to be part of a study the relative effectivness of various spelling programs.  Please contact us if you are a part of or know of a school who would be interested in a pilot study.

Read the Rest of the AVKO Blog | Visit the AVKO Website

Tuesday, February 24, 2009

The Importance of Breaks for Studying and Learning

We all know that cramming is not the best way to learn information. We all know that short, steady, and consistent sessions are the best way to go for studying and mastering material. AVKO has been preaching this method since its inception in 1974. In fact, all of our materials are designed to be used in daily, 15-minute sessions.

Read the New York Times article about new research on the importance of breaks and recess on learning.

Read what another education blog says about the article.